An impact study refers to a systematic evaluation of the effects or consequences that result from an action, event, policy, program, or project. It is typically conducted before implementing any new initiative in order to assess its potential benefits and drawbacks, as well as identify possible unintended outcomes. The goal of an impact study is to provide valuable information for decision-making by presenting a clear picture of the anticipated consequences that may result from taking a particular course of action. This type of analysis can be used in various fields such as economics, social sciences, public policy, and environmental studies among others.